Tooth sensitivity is a common concern for many people, often causing a sudden, sharp discomfort when eating, drinking, or even breathing in cold air. While it’s a widespread issue, the causes can vary — and understanding what’s behind your sensitivity is the first step to finding effective relief.

What Is Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity is typically triggered when the softer, inner layer of the tooth, called dentin, becomes exposed. Dentin contains microscopic tubules that lead directly to the nerve. When this layer is uncovered, external stimuli such as cold drinks, sweet foods, or brushing can reach the nerve more easily, causing pain or discomfort.

Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity

1. Worn Tooth Enamel

Enamel erosion is one of the leading sensitive teeth. Enamel can wear down due to:

• Acidic foods and drinks (e.g., citrus, fizzy drinks, vinegar-based items)
• Overbrushing or brushing with too much pressure
• Using a hard-bristle toothbrush
• Natural age-related wear

Once enamel is lost, it does not regrow, which is why prevention and early intervention are key.

2. Gum Recession

Your gums play an essential protective role by covering the tooth roots. If they begin to recede, often due to gum disease or brushing too aggressively, the exposed root surface is far more sensitive than enamel. This can lead to discomfort when eating hot or cold foods or even when touching the area with your toothbrush.

3. Tooth Grinding (Bruxism)

Grinding your teeth can gradually wear down enamel and increase sensitivity. Many people grind at night without realising it, which makes it harder to spot until symptoms appear.
If left untreated, bruxism can also weaken teeth and cause jaw discomfort or headaches.

4. Dental Decay or Cracked Teeth

Cavities and cracks can expose the dentin and nerve, leading to sudden, sharp sensitivity.
If you’ve recently noticed sensitivity in only one tooth, especially when biting, decay or a fracture may be the cause.

5. Sensitivity After Dental Treatments

Some dental procedures may temporarily increase sensitivity, such as:

• Teeth whitening
• Fillings
• Deep cleaning
• Crown preparations

This type of sensitivity usually settles within a few days or weeks.

How to Reduce Tooth Sensitivity

While your dentist can recommend the most appropriate treatment, here are effective steps that may help reduce symptoms:

✔ Use a Desensitising Toothpaste

Toothpastes designed for sensitive teeth work by blocking nerve signals or strengthening enamel. They generally need consistent use over several weeks to show results.

✔ Switch to a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush

A softer brush helps prevent further enamel wear and reduces irritation to the gums.

✔ Improve Your Brushing Technique

Use gentle, circular motions and avoid scrubbing too hard. Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste can help protect enamel and support gum health.

✔ Limit Acidic Foods and Drinks

If you enjoy citrus juices, fizzy drinks, or energy drinks, try reducing how often you consume them — and use a straw to limit contact with your teeth.

✔ Address Grinding or Clenching

If bruxism is suspected, your dentist may recommend a custom night guard to protect your teeth while you sleep.

✔ Get Treatment for Gum Problems

Early-stage gum disease can often be managed with improved cleaning and regular hygiene appointments. More advanced cases may require specialist care.

When to See a Dentist

You should book an appointment if:

• Your sensitivity is getting worse
• It affects your daily life
• Only one tooth is sensitive
• You experience pain when biting or chewing
• You notice gum recession, swelling, or bleeding

Your dentist can identify the exact cause and offer tailored treatments such as fluoride varnishes, bonding, or professional cleaning, depending on what your teeth need.